Our Team

Jakob Thomä is one of the leading global experts on sustainable finance and long-term risks. He co-founded the 2° Investing Initiative network in New York and Berlin and serves as Executive Director of 2° Investing Initiative Deutschland.

Jakob led the development of the first methodology in the world to measure the alignment of financial portfolios with climate goals (PACTA). PACTA remains the most widely used alignment methodology in the world, endorsed by a number of governments and financial supervisors to track financial sector alignment. Over 1,000 organizations have used PACTA to conduct portfolio tests to date.

In 2020, Jakob launched the 1in1000 research programme designed to integrate complex and long-term risks into financial supervision and decision-making. As part of the programme, Jakob authored the first COVID-19 stress-test scenarios, informing the regulatory response of supervisors in Europe and the United States to the crisis. His work has also informed the climate stress-test scenario design of major central banks and financial supervisors.

Jakob is Special Research Fellow to the Japanese Financial Services Agency, and previously served as Academic Advisor to the Bank of England and EIOPA. He holds a PhD in Finance from the Conservatoire National des Arts et Metiers. Jakob is also Senior Fellow at the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, where he teaches a Green Finance course.

Moritz is Senior Advisor in the Berlin office, supporting the development of climate-stress tests as part of the 1in1000 team. He is currently a DPhil student at the University of Oxford under the direction of Dr Ben Caldecott of the Oxford Sustainable Finance Programme, researching the impact of climate-related transition and physical risk on the financial system. His research focuses on climate stress-testing and the integration of scenario and financial analysis to assess the impact of systemic climate risks on financial stability and the feedback effects to the real economy. Further, the focus lies on deriving sensitive intervention points for financial policies and assessing the implications for central banks and financial regulators.

Before this, Moritz was involved in the project FRANTIC ‘Financial Risk and the Impact of Climate Change’ in cooperation with the Cambridge Institute for Sustainable Leadership and the Cambridge Centre for Environment, Energy and Natural Resource Governance. He previously worked for the European Central Bank in topics related to Sustainable Finance. His role included supporting the ECB coordination with the Network for Greening the Financial System (NGFS) and supporting the development of a dynamic banking model.

Moritz is also a co-Founder of PRJCT Studio, an art gallery and platform that focuses on solution-orientated approaches, that combine art with a social dimension, to support projects and artists that have a positive impact on society and the environment.

Prior to this, Moritz worked as a Research Associate at the Ecological Economics Institute at WU in Vienna on sustainable finance and political economy issues as part of the project ‘MISTRA Financial System’ funded by the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Environmental Research.

Moritz holds an MPhil in Environmental Policy from the University of Cambridge (Distinction), a B.Sc. in Economics from the Vienna University of Economics and Business (WU) and a B.A. in Political Science from the University of Vienna.

Constanze works as an analyst for the Retail Investing and 1in1000 programs. She was notably a key member of the team that developed MyFairMoney, a sustainable retail investing platform. Currently, she focuses on survey design, data analysis and visualization and oversees the further development of MyFairMoney. In addition, in the 1in1000 team, she develops dashboards to present and explain various risk types and their influence on the economy. Her focus is on technical development as well as designing the user journey.

Prior to joining 2DII, Constanze worked as a journalist. She holds a Bachelor’s degree in Economics from Humboldt University in Berlin.

Hanish is a junior analyst in the 1in1000 Program, which focuses on integrating long-term risk into financial markets and supervisory practices. He is currently completing his MSc in International Sustainability Management at ESCP.

Prior to starting the Master's, Hanish worked in a sustainability-focused think tank in New Delhi, India. In his role, he managed and fundraised for global events in collaboration with multiple stakeholders (incl. governments, multilateral institutions, companies, researchers, etc.) on varied sustainability topics such as energy transition, mobility, climate finance and waste. Hanish also has experience in corporate communications and worked in Singapore for a public relations agency where he was managing technology (B2B & B2C) and consumer clients.

Hanish holds a Bachelor's in Business Administration from Singapore Management University.

Catarina is a Berlin-based analyst working on the PACTA COP initiative, which aims to measure the alignment of financial flows in a number of European countries with the Paris agreement.

Prior to joining 2DII, Catarina worked in the banking sector in Brazil, as well as at the United Nations Office at Geneva and the European Central Bank.

Catarina holds a BSc. Economics from the Pontificia Universidade Catolica de Sao Paulo (Brazil) and an MSc. Economics of Development from the Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree in International Development Studies (GLODEP) between the University of Clermont-Auvergne (France), Palacky University (Czech Republic), and University of Pavia (Italy).

Andreas is Deputy Director of the Berlin office, where he manages coordinated climate alignment assessments with several European countries as part of the PACTA COP project.

Before joining 2DII, Andreas worked as a researcher on mass scale solar cell fabrication at the Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems, where he developed a massive open online course for the University of Freiburg. In cooperation with the company SunBrush, he developed a cloud-based analysis tool for heat images of solar power plants and he worked as a scientific consultant for a German MP.

Andreas studied Mathematics (Bac.) and Physics (Diplom) at the University of Freiburg (Germany) and Granada (Spain). He holds a PhD (Hons) in Micro-Systems Engineering. In addition to his technical education, Andreas studied Design Thinking at the d-school of the HPI Potsdam.

Jakub is an analyst working in the 1in1000 program, with a special focus on stress testing. Prior to 2DII, Jakub worked as Financial Risk and Sustainability Consultant in Deloitte focusing on developing credit risk and market risk models as well as advising banks on their sustainability strategy.

Jakub also brings in experience from the European Central Bank where he worked in macroprudential stress testing modelling, investigating the feedback loop between the euro area banking sector and the real economy.

Jakub holds an MSc in Economics and International Financial Economics from the University of Warwick, where he specialized in monetary economics and applied macroeconomics. He holds a BSc in Philosophy, Politics and Economics from the same university.

Frederick joined in February 2020 and works as an analyst in the Berlin office. His principal focus lies in the field of climate stress testing. In cooperation with data providers and financial institutions, he is responsible for the methodological and practical development of climate stress test models, especially in the context of physical risk. In addition, Frederick is leading the data analysis on climate alignment and sustainability aspects of portfolios on the platform MeinfairMögen.

Frederick holds a bachelor's degree in economics with a minor in politics from Zeppelin University, where he specialised in environmental economics and climate policy as well as data science.

Monika joined is a Data Visualization Analyst focusing on creating informative and engaging data graphics for PACTA and other 2DII initiatives. She is based in Amsterdam.

Prior to joining 2DII, Monika worked as a Quantitative Modelling Analyst in various Dutch financial institutions, both on the risk management as well as the front office side. She also has experience in data analysis, consulting and ESG-related research.

Monika holds a Masters of Science degree in Quantitative Finance from the Vrije Universiteit in Amsterdam concluded with a Master Thesis on the Dutch Payments Network written at the Dutch Central Bank. She holds a Bachelor of Science in Mathematics from the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan.

Jackson Hoffart is a Software Developer and Analyst, working on the development of long-term scenarios for the 1in1000 Program. Concurrently, Jackson is a lead developer and maintainer of the PACTA software, which aims to measure the alignment of financial flows with the Paris agreement.

Prior to joining to 2DII, Jackson worked in astrophysics as a student research assistant at the Dunlap Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, and the McGill Space Institute. Jackson holds a Bachelor in Physics (BSc) from McGill University.

Mirja is a Software Developer, working on the development of long-term scenarios and stress testing tools for the 1in1000 Program.

Before joining 2DII, Mirja worked as Statistical Software Developer at the Berlin startup Civey, where she build scalable survey data products.

Mirja holds an M.Sc. in Human Factors from Berlin Institute of Technology.

Jacob joined 2DII's Berlin team in June 2020, where he is focusing on developing the climate stress test methodology and implementing it for various stakeholders.

Before joining 2DII, Jacob led the data team at the Berlin startup Civey, specializing in representative web surveys. There, he developed the theoretical outlines of the main product and the technical MVP in R and later managed additional data products, such as target group analyses and the recommender system.

Jacob holds an M.Sc. in Economics from Freie Universität Berlin.

Matthias is a project manager in the 1in1000 Program, which focuses on integrating long-term risk into financial markets and supervisory practices.

Prior to joining 2DII, Matthias worked in the treasury department in a FinTech bank in Berlin. In his role, he implemented the first capital market transaction structure, led the selection and first investment into sustainable finance products and supervised the bank’s cryptocurrency trading scheme as a certified stock exchange trader. Matthias then joined a trading platform for reforestation projects and carbon certificates based in Lisbon, where he led the implementation of the user facing platform from design to launch.

Matthias holds a Master’s in Economics from Ludwig Maximilian University in Munich and a Bachelor’s degree in Economics from Rhenish Friedrich Wilhelm University of Bonn.

Faria joined 2DII in August 2021 as the Data Management Lead. In her role, she is responsible for creating documentation of datasets used in 2DII products, updating datasets as new data becomes available while keeping track of historical changes, and reviewing data processing code. She enjoys using different tools to extract, explore and format raw data, researching data management strategies and discussing intuitive ways of implementing them organizationally.

Prior to joining 2DII she worked in collaboration with the University of Toronto’s Faculty of Information and IBM Canada as a Business Process Optimization Research Assistant. She researched and experimented with methodologies from the fields of Natural Language Processing, Process Mining, and Machine Learning to analyze unstructured textual data from knowledge heavy processes in order to extract semi formalized business processes.

Faria holds a Master of Information degree (M.I) specializing in Information Systems Design and an Honours Bachelor of Science degree (HBSc.) in Anthropology and Human Biology, both from the University of Toronto in Canada.

Nicola is Deputy Head of the Retail Investing Program, leading the operational management of the research stream. The stream comprises four working streams including research activities, policy engagement, product development and communications campaigns.

Prior to his role at 2DII, Nicola worked as a sustainability consultant and analyst at sustainable natives eG. His projects focused on sustainability strategy and management, performance analysis and communication campaigns. He was lead of the Sustainable Finance Unit and product manager of a sustainability assessment method with which he performed over 150 company analyses.

Nicola holds an M.A. in International Politics, Administration and International Relations from Zeppelin University, where he specialized in different interfaces of sustainable development. He also completed a bachelor’s degree in International Economics and Development at the University of Bayreuth.

Yahsmin Malik is Investor Relations Manager in the 1in1000 Research Program. Her work focuses on fostering and promoting sustainability goals in equity capital markets. Previously, Yahsmin worked in investment banking with a focus on equity, as well as corporate and advisory investor relations. Yahsmin graduated in Business Administration and Marketing from City University, London.

Catherine leads communications strategy and implementation for 2° Investing Initiative. Prior to joining 2DII, she worked for communications and public affairs consultancies in France and the United States, where she led campaigns for clients including UN agencies, international organizations, and governments. She has additional experience working in research, analysis, and competition law for the OECD and the US Federal Trade Commission.

Catherine holds an MA in International Public Management from Sciences Po Paris School of International Affairs and a BA in History and French from Trinity College.

Daisy is an Analyst in the Berlin team, focused on the implementation of PACTA analysis projects in emerging markets.

Before joining 2DII, Daisy worked at the Central Bank of Colombia as a Senior Analyst in Financial Stability. In this position, she analyzed and monitored Colombian household credit risk and conducted research projects related to financial inclusion, microcredit and financial vulnerabilities of households in Colombia. She was also in charge of monitoring the development and growth of Colombian financial conglomerates in other emerging economies and the calculation of a systemic risk index.

Daisy holds a master's degree in Public Policy from the Hertie School in Berlin.

Anne Schönauer joined the 2° Investing Initiative in 2020. She is Deputy Research Head of 1in1000 Program that aims at developing evidence, designing tools, and building capacity to help financial institutions and supervisors to mitigate and adapt to future risks and challenges. Prior to joining 2° Investing Initiative, Anne worked as a research assistant at SOAS University of London in the area of decarbonising monetary policy. She also gained experience in the public sector, with experience at the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, the German international development agency, as well as at a public sector consultancy and an economic research institute. Anne holds a MSc. in International Finance and Development from SOAS University of London, where she specialised in sustainable finance and monetary policy. She holds a bachelor’s degree in Philosophy and Economics from the University of Bayreuth.

Tilman Trompke joined 2DII's 1in1000 Program as an analyst in July 2021. Prior to joining, Tilman worked at a German development agency (GIZ) and as a research assistant at an economic research group. He further brings experience in the public sector through his work at the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development and at a public sector consulting firm.

Tilman holds an MSc. in Economics from the University of Southern Denmark (SDU), where he focused on development economics. He also holds a BSc. in Economics from Humboldt University in Berlin.

Sarah is the director of 2DII's New York office, focused on project management, impact and fundraising.

Previously, Sarah built programs in the US, Middle East and Africa with a focus on water access and environmental management. As a researcher with Ben-Gurion University, she identified the first known cases of electronic waste burning in the Middle East. While leading a water, sanitation and hygiene NGO, Sarah developed a mobile monitoring system to evaluate performance against key performance indicators. More recently, she consulted on blockchain and other innovative technology initiatives.

Sarah holds a Bachelor of Science in Psychology from the University of Wisconsin and a Masters of Science in Water Management from McGill University.

Alex serves as the Technical Lead for PACTA. Prior to joining 2DII, he served as a Data Scientist for the Indiana Commission for Higher Education, and as a Data Engineer for a contractor to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services.

Alex holds a B.S. in Physics from Purdue and an M.S. in Data Science from Indiana University.

Mauro implements software solutions to help researchers work in an efficient, transparent, and reproducible way. He often contributes as a developer or teacher to popular open software projects or communities (https://maurolepore.github.io/).

Prior to joining 2DII in July 2019, Mauro served as a software developer for ForestGEO, based at the National Museum of Natural History of the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, DC.

He holds a PhD in ecology, conservation biology and geochemistry from The University of Queensland, Australia, and a Licentiate degree from the University of Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Thibaut Ghirardi is Managing Director of 2DII France, in charge of articulating the implementation of 2DII’s research programs in France as well as developing the strategy and the network of the entity. He is also coordinating the Finance ClimAct project for 2DII, which aims to align the French and European action plans on sustainable finance and to strengthen France's positioning on this topic. Prior to joining 2DII, Thibaut was Manager in the Sustainable Development team of PwC France, in charge of Green Finance and Climate Change consultancy projects. Before that he was an ESG Analyst for Astorg, a private equity management company.

Thibaut graduated from AgroParisTech and holds a MSc in Sustainable Development from HEC Paris.

Gabrielle is director of 2DII's French entity and UK office, in addition to overseeing administrative matters, grants, and financials for the organization.

Prior to joining 2DII, Gabrielle served as loan officer for five years in an NGO, helping entrepreneurs to start small businesses. Gabrielle also worked on various projects at the UNESCO New York Office and the Positive Planet Tel Aviv office.

Gabrielle holds a Master in Sustainable Development and Microfinance from the Paris Dauphine University and the Solvay Brussels School of Economics and Management as well as a Research Master’s in environmental science from the University Paris VII.

Edgi De Los Santos Jiménez is Deputy Director of Emerging Markets, leading the implementation of 2DII's research programs across emerging markets. She is Dominican and Belgian and is based in New York City. She oversees the expansion of 2DII’s work in emerging markets, ensuring that financial actors continue to integrate climate change considerations into their activities, with a special focus on portfolio analysis.

Previously, Edgi held various positions in the international financial sector – New York City, London and Brussels – in areas such as wealth management, portfolio rebalancing and UHNW client relationship. Through her work experience, she became convinced that the financial sector could be a main driver of change and contributor to the world’s most pressing issues. Given this, a few years ago she decided to make a career transition and started working in impact investments and in the ESG/sustainability field.

Edgi graduated from London School of Economics with a MSc in Finance and from Solvay Brussels School of Economics and Management with a MSc in Microfinance. She passed CFA’s level I examination and is currently pursuing the CFA’s ESG Certificate.

Yoni manages HR and administrative responsibilities from the Paris office and supports the 2DII global network.

Prior to joining, Yoni served 7 years as both Office Manager and Senior Recruitment Consultant for an International Executive Search Agency in Life Sciences. He has helped customers around the globe and placed over 90 senior Executives across five continents. He also used his deep understanding of multicultural organizations to support the construction of international teams both internally and for clients.

Yoni holds a Master in American Studies from the Paris Sorbonne University as well as a BSc. in Finance and Management from the CNAM-INTEC.

Samia Baadj is a Manager at 2DII, based in the Paris office. Samia focuses on research linked to 2DII's Retail Investing Program, notably responsible marketing and the suitability assessment. She also manages projects related to climate transparency such as the International Climate Reporting Awards.

Prior to joining 2DII, Samia was a Manager for Deloitte, working on regulatory matters for the financial sector. Before that she was a compliance analyst for Natixis Investment Managers in Luxembourg.

Samia obtained the French lawyer diploma (CAPA) in 2013 and also holds a diploma of legal and economic translator from ISIT School (French, English, and Spanish).

Nicholas Dodd works as senior portfolio analyst for PACTA, including on company-level alignment analysis and on projects in emerging markets such as in Latin America.

He previously worked as a project and scientific officer at the European Commission’s DG Joint Research Centre, where he was involved in criteria development for various environmental policy instruments, including Green Public Procurement (GPP), Level(s), the EU Taxonomy and the EU Ecolabel on retail finance products. Prior to that he worked in the UK for the consultancy URBED, with a focus on low carbon urban development, building renovation and energy infrastructure strategies and projects. He led development and implementation of the sustainable investment policy for Aviva’s groundbreaking igloo property investment impact fund.

Nicholas has a BSc in applied environmental and resource science from the University of Salford and an MPhil in green purchasing and supply from the University of Manchester.

Riwan is an analyst in the Paris office, where he engages in research and consultancy work regarding climate scenario alignment and climate-related risks. He also conducts research on how to channel retail investment towards the financing of the ecological transition.

Riwan holds a Master's in International Affairs & International Economics (Sciences Po Lyon, University Paris-Dauphine) and in Management (ESSEC Business School). Previously, he worked in international development, as an apprentice for the French Ministry of the Economy, and as a consultant on environmental crime for the World Bank. He is very interested in addressing systemic barriers to the ecological transition and is contributing to civil society organisations advocating for a renewed and sustainable economy.

Killian Fonquergne is a junior analyst in the Retail Investing Program. He is currently finishing a master's degree in finance at University Paris Dauphine. Previously, he worked as an analyst at Inco, an impact investment fund. In his role at 2DII, he is focusing on sustainable energy and energy-efficient investments, and on retail investors' ESG preferences.

Nayra is a Manager for the PACTA Program. Based in Lyon, she coordinates the projects to implement PACTA to measure financial markets' alignment with the Paris Agreement Goals; she is also in charge of the PACTA tool for investors.

Before joining 2 Degrees, Nayra worked for eight years for the Colombian financial industry's major players, including the supervisor, the Colombian Stock Exchange, a broker company, and the Colombian SRO, holding different roles as a market risk analyst, trader, and project and product manager. Her last position was as Project Manager at the Colombian Self-Regulatory Organization. In this role, she led the development of the regulation for algorithmic trading and worked on developing best trading practices to prevent market manipulation. Nayra also worked as an associate professor at the Colombian stock exchange, where she trained students and graduates in derivatives and how to invest in the Colombian Stock Exchange.

Nayra holds a BSc. In Finance from the Rosario University in Colombia, an MsC. in Business, Innovation and Entrepreneurship from INSEEC Business School, and an International MBA specialized in International Strategy from EM LYON Business School. Nayra is currently pursuing the CFA designation.

Souad is a research fellow in the Evidence for Impact research program, which aims to assist financial institutions in setting climate strategies designed to contribute to the Paris Agreement goals.

Prior to joining 2DII, Souad worked in the fintech industry as a senior software engineer. She developed accelerated market access gateways for the main EU and US financial markets. She also worked as a researcher at the Computer Architecture & Parallel System lab at the University of Delaware, focusing on new paradigms for parallel computing.

Souad holds a PhD in High Performance Computing from the University of Versailles, and an advanced master in International Energy Management from Mines-Paristech.

Antoine is an analyst in 2DII's Emerging Market team, working on implementing the PACTA analysis in Latin America. He is also working on a methodology to create a fund aligned with the Paris Agreement using PACTA.

Prior joining 2DII, he developed a robo-advisor to predict physical risk exposure for wine producers based on newspaper articles. In addition, he worked in Vietnam on portfolio optimization.
Antoine graduated from the Ecole des Mines de Saint-Etienne, where he studied Data Sciences and Energy Transition.

Mickaël is Head of the Retail Investor research program, which investigates the preferences and beliefs of retail investors about green financial products and the supply of those products by the financial industry.

Mickaël is an economist with an expertise on matters at the crossroads with psychology and finance. That includes behavioral economics and finance, happiness economics and sustainable finance. He transmits his expertise through award-winning books, lectures in business schools, trainings for professionals and conferences. He is the founder of the Institut de l’Economie du Bonheur in Paris.

Mickaël holds a Master of Science in Management from ESSEC Business School, a Master of Science in Applied Economics from the Institut d’Etudes Politiques de Paris and a PhD in Economics from La Sorbonne University.

Bruno is Senior Analyst in the Retail Investing Program. He focuses on supporting the transformation of the regulatory framework in the EU and beyond, enhancing the understanding of the impact of financial activities in the real economy, and fostering the integration of sustainability-related factors in investment strategies.

Prior to joining 2DII, Bruno was a Senior Researcher at the Eni Foundation, working on the financing of a just and global energy transition. Before that, he worked as a consultant specialized in sustainable and climate finance, collaborating with investment funds, financial institutions, private companies, and government entities. In addition, he managed an innovative financial vehicle focusing on impact-driven enterprises active in Latin America, in addition to collaborating with microfinance institutions active in East Africa.

He holds a Bachelor’s degree from HEC Lausanne, a Master’s degree in Socioeconomics from the University of Geneva, and a Specialized Master in Green Management, Energy and Corporate Social Responsibility from Bocconi University.

Thierry is an analyst in 2DII's Paris office. He works on retail investing projects in the French market (qualitative and quantitative surveys, mystery shopping, and more).

Prior to joining 2DII, Thierry worked as a digital project manager in the cultural sector. He holds a Master’s in Marketing Communications from Paris VIII.

Léonie works as Project Manager Emerging Markets for the Paris office team. She is French and German, based in Santiago de Chile, where she is in charge of promoting the integration of climate change considerations by partners in emerging markets. She also supports the adaptation of tools and frameworks to specificities of these markets.

Prior to joining 2DII, Léonie worked as an independent Sustainable Finance Consultant for European and Latin American clients. Before that, she worked as a Strategy and Sustainability Consultant at INDEFI, a consulting company for the asset management industry and as a CSR Officer for the French Ministry for Environment.

She graduated from the Freie Universität Berlin and Sciences Po Paris and holds a Master’s in environmental policy with a specialization in project management.

Jules is currently studying at Université Paris-Dauphine PSL in the Department of Economics & Financial Engineering. He joined 2DII as a Junior Analyst to be able to play a role in the development of a more sustainable economy and financial system. He is responsible for the organization and coordination of the International Climate Reporting Awards, an event aiming to shed light on the world’s best practices in extra-financial reporting and transparency.

David Cooke serves as a Policy Manager at 2° Investing Initiative and joined in 2019. His work involves monitoring and coordinating 2° Investing Initiative’s input to sustainable finance policy initiatives globally (with a particular emphasis on the EU Sustainable Finance Action Plan). He is a UK qualified lawyer, and previously worked at ClientEarth focusing on the application of corporate and financial law to climate change and broader environmental, social and governance issues. While there he engaged with UK and EU financial regulators, supervisory authorities and government departments to increase regulatory oversight of climate-related financial risk and helped draft recommendations on regulator implementation of a comprehensive sustainability disclosure framework for the Green Finance Taskforce report to the UK Government: Accelerating Green Finance.

As well as being a qualified lawyer, David holds a BSc Physics and Philosophy from the University of Bristol and a MSc Sustainable Development from the University of Surrey.

George is an analyst in 2DII's London office, working on PACTA for corporate lending and metrics-related projects.

Prior to joining 2DII, George interned at a sustainability consultancy, where he worked on their offerings around the TCFD.

George holds an MSc in Climate Change, Management, and Finance from Imperial College Business School and a BSc in Environmental Geoscience from the University of Bristol.

Maarten Vleeschhouwer is Head of PACTA at 2DII, based in the Brussels office. He acts as strategic lead for PACTA, including managing stakeholder relations, partnerships development, and policy-related work. Previously, Maarten worked as a seconded national expert at the European Commission’s DG FISMA, where he assisted in the implementation of the Commission Action Plan on Financing Sustainable Growth. Prior to that, he worked at the Dutch National Bank, which was one of the first central banks to use the PACTA scenario analysis tool.